In a medium bowl, whisk together flour, cocoa powder, baking soda, baking powder, and salt. Set aside.
1 ½ cups all-purpose flour, 4 tablespoons Dutch-processed cocoa powder, ½ teaspoon baking soda, ¾ teaspoon baking powder, ¼ teaspoon salt
In a stand mixer (or with a hand mixer), beat butter, brown sugar, red food coloring, and vanilla on low until just combined, then on medium-high for about 2 minutes until light and fluffy.
½ cup unsalted butter, 1 ½ cups light brown sugar, 1 teaspoon concentrated red gel food coloring, 1 ½ teaspoons vanilla extract
Scrape the bowl, then beat in the eggs one at a time, mixing well after each addition.
2 large eggs at room temperature
On low speed, alternate adding the dry ingredients and buttermilk, beginning and ending with the dry ingredients. Mix just until combined — do not overmix.
1 cup buttermilk
Pour the batter into air fryer-safe cupcake liners placed inside silicone or metal molds. Fill each almost to the top.
Arrange the molds in a single layer in the air fryer basket. Air fry at 300°F (150°C) for 13–16 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean. Let the cupcakes cool in the molds for 10–15 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely.
Beat butter, cream cheese, vanilla, salt, and powdered sugar, mixing until fully incorporated.
¼ cup unsalted butter, 4 ounces cream cheese, ½ teaspoon vanilla extract, ½ teaspoon salt, 2 cups powdered sugar
Once the cupcakes are completely cool, spread or pipe cream cheese frosting generously on top.